Alarming levels of heavy metals found in protein powders, sparking investigation from Texas AG Paxton

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton announced on Monday an industry-wide investigation into protein powder manufacturers following the release of a pair of damning reports that confirmed the presence of various heavy metals in popular powders and ready-to-drink shakes.

Roughly 15 years ago, Consumer Reports tested 15 protein drinks in a laboratory and found that all of the drinks "had at least one sample containing one or more of the following contaminants: arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury."

'Far too many corporations have snuck harmful ingredients in their products.'

The investigators determined that while the heavy metal levels detected in most drinks were in the "low to moderate range," certain drinks had enough to warrant concern if consumed multiple times a day.

Last year, Consumer Reports conducted a new round of tests, scrutinizing 23 protein powders and read-to-drink shakes from popular brands. The CR investigators discovered that the problem facing the protein products of yesteryear is now not only commonplace but supercharged.

"For more than two-thirds of the products we analyzed, a single serving contained more lead than CR’s food safety experts say is safe to consume in a day — some by more than 10 times," said the report.

Lead is toxic to humans. Exposure in adults — for which there is no known safe level — can cause numerous health conditions including decreased kidney function, heart problems, infertility, and joint weakness.

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According to the Food and Drug Administration, "The most serious effects of lead exposure can occur during times of active brain development. High levels of exposure to lead in utero, infancy, and early childhood can lead to neurological effects such as learning disabilities, behavior difficulties, and lowered IQ."

The new CR investigation, led by chemist and food safety researcher Tunde Akinleye, found that the average level of lead in the protein powders was much higher than that observed in the previous CR tests and that there were fewer products with undetectable amounts of it.

Yesteryear's worst in show apparently have nothing on today's outliers.

According to the report, Naked Nutrition's Vegan Mass Gainer powder — the product found to have the highest lead levels among those tested — had twice as much lead per 315-gram serving as the worst product analyzed in 2010. It reportedly contained 7.7 micrograms of lead per serving, which is roughly 1,570% of CR's level of concern for the heavy metal.

Lead levels in a 90-gram serving of Huel's Black Edition powder — reportedly 6.3 micrograms of lead, or 1,288% of CR's daily lead limit — similarly raised concerns among testers, as did the levels in Garden of Life's Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein and Momentous' since-discontinued 100% Plant Protein powder, which allegedly contained lead between 400% and 600% of CR's level of concern.

The report concluded:

• roughly 70% of the products tested contained over 120% of CR's level of concern for lead, which is 0.5 micrograms per day;
• three products exceeded CR's level of concern for inorganic arsenic and cadmium — Huel's Black Edition powder, for instance, contained 9.2 micrograms of cadmium, which is more than twice the level that health experts say could be harmful to have daily;
• consumers should avoid Naked Nutrition's Vegan Mass Gainer and Huel's Black Edition and limit consumption of Garden of Life Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein and Momentous' 100% Plant Protein to once a week; and
• plant-based protein powders had, on average, nine times the amount of lead found in products made with dairy proteins like whey and twice as much as beef-based products.

Naked Nutrition's chief marketing officer James Clark told CR that his company takes "customers' health very seriously"; sources its ingredients from "select suppliers" that provide documentation attesting they were checked for heavy metals; and had requested a third-party test of its product Mass Gainer.

A spokesman for Huel stressed that the company was "confident in the current formulation and safety of the products," adding that its ingredients undergo "rigorous testing."

Will McClaren, a spokesman for Momentous, claimed his company had executed a "massive overhaul" of its lineup and discontinued the products that CR had tested, namely the company's Whey Protein Isolate and its 100% Plant Protein.

A spokesperson for Garden of Life US said the company's products were safe for daily use and that the company's limits for heavy metals were determined by closely following food safety guidance from the Food and Drug Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and other safety authorities.

Both Garden of Life and Momentous told CR that they tested their ingredients and finished protein products for heavy metals.

The Clean Label Project, an advocacy organization committed to greater transparency in product labeling, similarly found from a review of over 160 of the top-selling protein powders — according to Nielsen and Amazon best-seller lists — that heavy metals were a common issue.

The advocacy and research group stated in its January 2025 report that "47% of products exceeded at least one federal or state regulatory set for safety."

Texas AG Paxton said on Monday, "Protein is a vital macronutrient for human health, and Texans deserve clean protein powders without having to worry whether the products contain heavy metals or other harmful chemicals."

"Far too many corporations have snuck harmful ingredients in their products, and I am committed to doing everything I can to help Make America Healthy Again," added Paxton.

Paxton's investigation will "examine whether companies falsely marketed or misrepresented the safety and contents of their products and whether they failed to disclose known information about heavy metal contamination in violation of Texas law."

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